I often find that there are many questions about the correct handling of LiPo batteries.
At first I wanted to create a short guide, but unfortunately it became a bit more extensive.
The structure of the LiPo batteries can be described as follows.
The lithium-polymer batteries (LiPo for short) consist of many foils coated on both sides,
made of thin copper and aluminum.
A special plastic film (polymer film) is inserted between the individual layers as a separator.
A gel electrolyte is added to the polymer to improve ionic conductivity.
The electrolyte consists of an alcohol-based solvent that smells slightly sweet.
The cathode (negative electrode) usually consists of graphite, the anode (positive electrode) of lithium metal oxide.
The power cables we are familiar with, mostly with connectors, are attached to both electrodes.
In addition, there is a balancer connection for battery packs with more than one cell.
The construction of thin copper, aluminum and polymer foils as well as the gel electrolyte offers the advantage that the cells no longer have to be rolled (like the well-known cup shape of NI batteries).
LiPo batteries are often found in a flat design.
Accumulators with liquid electrolyte, such as LiFE accumulators, are therefore only found in the form of cups.
The electrolyte begins to boil at a temperature of 85-90°, it becomes unstable and begins to gas.
In order to protect the connection side of the multi-cell LiPo battery, it should be reinforced with a special protective film. This LiPo battery should also be shrink-wrapped in a suitable shrink film.
The nominal voltage of a LiPo cell is 3.7 volts, the end-of-charge voltage is 4.235 volts.
A LiPo battery contains, among other things, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), graphite, lithium fluorophosphate and ethylene dicarbonate.
None of these substances should get on or into our bodies!
There is a decided difference in the separator's gel electrolyte.
A doped gel electrolyte is used in Robbe's LiPo batteries, the ROXXY series.
This treated gel electrolyte behaves much more stable than the conventionally used one in case of mishandling and thus protects the battery from fire or explosion.
However, these special LiPo batteries should be treated with the same care as LiPo batteries with conventional electrolyte.
We must never forget that a LiPo battery has a very high energy density and is therefore
always a danger!
Ignorance does not protect against damage!
Proper handling of LiPo batteries.
The optimum working temperature of the battery, with moderate use, is 15-30°C.
When using high-current motors, a temperature of 25-30°C is advisable.
LiPo batteries should therefore be brought up to temperature shortly before use in the cold season. Under no circumstances should the LiPo batteries be kept at the right temperature for too long.
If LiPo batteries are operated below this temperature, there is a risk that the cells will be damaged and swell!
Avoid excessively high battery temperatures during use.
The internal resistance of the LiPo batteries increases with increasing temperature and the ionic conductivity increases. The lowest internal resistance is at approx. 60°C.
This temperature should also not be exceeded.
However, it should be noted that this temperature accelerates the aging of the cells.
It is often disregarded that LiPo batteries, if left in the model, heat up very much due to the sun's rays.
Please also note that the temperatures in the car can get very high behind the windows.
As I mentioned before, the electrolyte starts to boil at around 85°C!
The cells are damaged by this "gassing" and swell at the latest the next time they are charged.
When it is cold, the chemical processes take place more slowly, and at the same time the viscosity of the electrolyte increases. The internal resistance of the cells increases and the power that can be delivered decreases.
Below 5°C, the performance can drop so much that it is no longer sufficient for use.
A capacity of 20 – 30% and a temperature of 12 – 18°C is recommended for storage.
It is irrelevant whether the battery is stored for 5 days or whether it "hibernates".
The self-discharge of LiPo batteries is very low. It is around 5% per month.
When discharging, it is essential to ensure that only approx. 70 - 80% of the capacity of the battery is removed.
The minimum voltage of 3.3V per cell must not be undercut.
If the voltage drops below 3.0V per cell, the battery is deeply discharged and damaged as a result. With later charges, a deeply discharged cell can expand.
For the aforementioned reason, it is essential to ensure that the battery does not fall below 3.3V.
The battery must never be deeply discharged.
Even if a charger should still charge the LiPo batteries, the battery is most likely damaged and gradual deterioration will occur over time. The LiPo battery will either bloat, the capacity will decrease or the cell voltage will drift too much.
If a LiPo battery is switched on and off via a switch, the LiPo battery must be disconnected from this switch after use. Even though the switch is in the "off" position, minimal current flows. This causes the LiPo battery to become deeply discharged over time.
With every charge and discharge, the cells age and this is noticeable by reducing the
usable capacity. The higher the current load and the deeper the discharge, the greater the aging of the battery.
Practice has shown that batteries that are discharged to a capacity of 30% age the least.
If a LiPo battery is heavily loaded with each use, there can be a capacity loss of 2-3%. As a result, after 20 such loads, only about 50% of the nominal capacity is still available.
In general, a LiPo battery may only be loaded with currents for which it is designed.
This information can be found on the battery and is specified with a C value.
For example, a battery with a nominal capacity of 3600 mAh and the specification 30C can be loaded
with 30 times the nominal capacity in continuous operation.
In this example, the allowable continuous load would be 108 amps over a period of one hour (3600 mAh x 30 = 108000 mAh).
If a motor used in continuous operation draws more than 108Ah, the battery will be overloaded due to the increased current output, and the cells will heat up as a result of this overload. This overheating leads to gassing of the electrolyte and thus damage to the battery, which, as mentioned above, becomes noticeable through the cells bloating.
A LiPo battery can withstand a higher load for a short time (this value is often also specified),
but a motor also draws significantly more current at peak loads than the amount of current specified for continuous operation. Unfortunately, there are also no more details on how long it is short-term!
But we also have to observe the permissible charging currents when charging.
In general, the LiPo batteries are charged with currents of 1 C.
In our example, the 3,600 mAh battery is charged with an initial charging current of 3,600 mAh in about 1 hour.
At the end of charging, the charging current drops slowly until the maximum voltage is reached.
Certain LiPo batteries can be charged with a higher current, i.e. in a shorter time.
The specification of the permissible charging currents is also specified for the batteries in C.
However, this specification refers to the ratio of charging current to cell capacity.
However, a LiPo battery does not have to be charged with 1C. If a LiPo battery is charged with only 0.5C, it is charged gently and the battery is less stressed.
New LiPo batteries should be gently charged before they are used for the first time.
For this purpose, the charging current of the first charging cycles should be 0.5C.
For the first few uses, the peak current should be around 70-80%.
This careful treatment gently "adjusts" the LiPo batteries.
LiPo batteries can of course generally be charged with 0.5C. This gentle treatment leads to a long and reliable battery life.
Another note on the C rate:
If a LiPo battery is charged with a charging current
of 0.5C, the charging time is 2 hours, with a charging current of 1.0C
, the charging time is 1 hour, with a charging current of 2.0C, it
is Charging time 30 minutes, etc.
It is often overlooked that a controller with LiPo shutdown should not be trusted blindly.
A regulator recognizes the minimum voltage of the LiPo battery, but not the voltage of an individual cell.
If a cell briefly falls below the voltage of 3.3 volts while discharging and the other cells of the LiPo battery have a high voltage, the controller may not recognize this minimum voltage. This can damage and bloat the cell.
To avoid this, there is an individual cell monitor (e.g. MC-Balancer from Robbe), which immediately recognizes when a connected cell of the LiPo battery has reached the minimum voltage and reacts early enough by reducing the voltage.
It is advisable to know the exact condition of the cells at all times.
There are so-called capacity controllers for this purpose. These controllers provide information about the condition of the individual cells in volts, mAh and the condition of the entire LiPo battery.
LiPo batteries are to be stored and transported in suitable containers.
This should at least be a LiPo bag, the so-called LiPo bag, which is made of special, non-flammable materials.
Or at least a LiPo case that protects more against damage from burning or exploding LiPo batteries.
These LiPo cases are available from Graupner and Robbe, for example.
The LiPo battery should never be transported or stored fully charged.
It is recommended to store and transport the battery with 30% of the specified capacity. In this state, the voltage of the cells is around 3.3V.
An explosion or fire at this voltage is not as dangerous as with a fully charged LiPo battery!
The LiPo battery must never be mechanically damaged.
This includes deformation of the LiPo cells, for example if the battery falls on the ground.
Under no circumstances may the protective foil of the LiPo battery be damaged (eg pierced or pierced).
Avoid damaging the sheathing!
Avoid short circuit! The poles of the Li-Po battery/battery pack must not come into contact with metal objects either accidentally or intentionally, as this usually causes a short circuit!
In the event of a short circuit, an extremely high current is generated in milliseconds, which leads to overheating of the cells => leakage of electrolyte, risk of explosion, severe flame formation!
Overcharging or short-circuiting can cause the LiPo battery to overheat and cause it to burn or explode.
For this reason too, LiPo batteries should not be stored or transported fully charged!!
Once the batteries have swelled up, they are defective and must no longer be used.
When charging or in operation, these batteries can deflagrate, which can cause the LiPo battery to burn or explode!!
Incorrect handling or damage to the LiPo battery can lead to a self-increasing process in which the cells heat up so much that they burn or explode!
A LiPo battery can last up to 30 minutes. after being damaged by this self-amplifying process, burn or even explode!!
Do not extinguish a burning LiPo battery with water.
Use either sand or a fire extinguisher to extinguish.
Defective or unusable LiPo batteries are hazardous waste and must be disposed of accordingly. In Germany, manufacturers and importers are obligated to take back the batteries, for their disposal there are "disposal cost contributions".
LiPo batteries imported directly by the consumer (e.g. China) do not contain these contributions and can therefore be offered at a lower price!
Charging and balancing LiPo batteries
We must not ignore the fact that LiPo batteries also have an effect that we know from NI cells. By that I mean the change in current output when the batteries are recharged. Above I pointed out the appropriate "storage charge" of 20-30% of the battery capacity. If a LiPo battery, for example, is charged with 50% of its capacity and stored, the internal resistance increases as a result of the storage.
If the battery is recharged before use, there will be a voltage drop as soon as the recharged electricity is used up and the "older charge" is removed.
The increase in the internal resistance of the cells means that the LiPo battery is less resilient and swells up under high loads, which an optimally charged LiPo battery would withstand without damage.
Only suitable chargers should be used to charge LiPo batteries.
Simple chargers are often included with ARF , RTR, RTF models.
These chargers are not suitable for long-term use and should be replaced with a high-quality charger as soon as possible!
LiPo batteries must always be charged under supervision!
There are many reasons why a LiPo battery should never be charged unattended.
As already described, a damaged battery can deflagrate when charging, which can lead to an explosion or fire.
Likewise, an incorrectly selected charging program or a charging current that is too high can destroy the battery.
A sudden defect in the charger can also never be ruled out!
LiPo batteries with more than 1 cell have a balancer connection.
Unfortunately, it seems to be more of a corporate philosophy to tie the customer to their own chargers than to agree on a standard (it also works with the servo connectors).
For this reason I only sell batteries with the most commonly used balancer connection:
EHR: used by e.g.: Kokam, Graupner, Robbe, Emcotec, Lipolice, Lipomex,
AHA, Redpower, LipoSun, X-Cell.
XHP: is used by, for example: RC1, Topmodel, E-Flite, X-Cell
this connection is also present on many helicopter batteries . You
can also find:
PQ: is used by, for example: Polyquest, Hyperion, E-Tec.
FTP: is used by eg: Flightpower, Thunderpower, Mulltiplex.
The balancer connection must not be used for discharging.
As previously mentioned, LiPo batteries should be gently charged before they are used for the first time.
The first charging cycles should therefore be carried out at 0.5C.
LiPo batteries can of course generally be charged with 0.5C. This gentle treatment leads to a long and reliable battery life.
LiPo batteries may only be charged with suitable chargers that end the charging process at a final charging voltage of 4.2V.
In addition, the chargers should be equipped with a balancer (or with an equalizer in the case of Robbe chargers). If this is not the case, an external balancer or equalizer with a charging interrupt function!! be connected.
The balancer or charger recognizes the correct number of cells by means of the balancer connections. The individual cells of the LiPo battery are charged evenly via the balancer connection.
The charger must recognize the defect in a cell and end the charging process!!
The maximum charging rate specified by the manufacturer must be observed.
Often this 1C. So you charge with the nominal voltage of the LiPo battery.
When charging, the LiPo batteries should be on a fireproof surface.
Graupner offers the LiPo case, in which the LiPo batteries can be charged by guiding the charging cable out of the case. This case is designed with fire retardant panels and also has a valve through which the pressure escapes in the event of a battery explosion and protects the surrounding area from fire, chemical gases, etc.
The equalizers mentioned above have the advantage that they offer the possibility of balancing the battery cells independently of the charger.
The cells of the LiPo battery are adjusted until the voltage level of the cells is the same. The equalizer then goes into power-saving mode.
The following must always be observed when handling LiPo batteries:
At first I wanted to create a short guide, but unfortunately it became a bit more extensive.
The structure of the LiPo batteries can be described as follows.
The lithium-polymer batteries (LiPo for short) consist of many foils coated on both sides,
made of thin copper and aluminum.
A special plastic film (polymer film) is inserted between the individual layers as a separator.
A gel electrolyte is added to the polymer to improve ionic conductivity.
The electrolyte consists of an alcohol-based solvent that smells slightly sweet.
The cathode (negative electrode) usually consists of graphite, the anode (positive electrode) of lithium metal oxide.
The power cables we are familiar with, mostly with connectors, are attached to both electrodes.
In addition, there is a balancer connection for battery packs with more than one cell.
The construction of thin copper, aluminum and polymer foils as well as the gel electrolyte offers the advantage that the cells no longer have to be rolled (like the well-known cup shape of NI batteries).
LiPo batteries are often found in a flat design.
Accumulators with liquid electrolyte, such as LiFE accumulators, are therefore only found in the form of cups.
The electrolyte begins to boil at a temperature of 85-90°, it becomes unstable and begins to gas.
In order to protect the connection side of the multi-cell LiPo battery, it should be reinforced with a special protective film. This LiPo battery should also be shrink-wrapped in a suitable shrink film.
The nominal voltage of a LiPo cell is 3.7 volts, the end-of-charge voltage is 4.235 volts.
A LiPo battery contains, among other things, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), graphite, lithium fluorophosphate and ethylene dicarbonate.
None of these substances should get on or into our bodies!
There is a decided difference in the separator's gel electrolyte.
A doped gel electrolyte is used in Robbe's LiPo batteries, the ROXXY series.
This treated gel electrolyte behaves much more stable than the conventionally used one in case of mishandling and thus protects the battery from fire or explosion.
However, these special LiPo batteries should be treated with the same care as LiPo batteries with conventional electrolyte.
We must never forget that a LiPo battery has a very high energy density and is therefore
always a danger!
Ignorance does not protect against damage!
Proper handling of LiPo batteries.
The optimum working temperature of the battery, with moderate use, is 15-30°C.
When using high-current motors, a temperature of 25-30°C is advisable.
LiPo batteries should therefore be brought up to temperature shortly before use in the cold season. Under no circumstances should the LiPo batteries be kept at the right temperature for too long.
If LiPo batteries are operated below this temperature, there is a risk that the cells will be damaged and swell!
Avoid excessively high battery temperatures during use.
The internal resistance of the LiPo batteries increases with increasing temperature and the ionic conductivity increases. The lowest internal resistance is at approx. 60°C.
This temperature should also not be exceeded.
However, it should be noted that this temperature accelerates the aging of the cells.
It is often disregarded that LiPo batteries, if left in the model, heat up very much due to the sun's rays.
Please also note that the temperatures in the car can get very high behind the windows.
As I mentioned before, the electrolyte starts to boil at around 85°C!
The cells are damaged by this "gassing" and swell at the latest the next time they are charged.
When it is cold, the chemical processes take place more slowly, and at the same time the viscosity of the electrolyte increases. The internal resistance of the cells increases and the power that can be delivered decreases.
Below 5°C, the performance can drop so much that it is no longer sufficient for use.
A capacity of 20 – 30% and a temperature of 12 – 18°C is recommended for storage.
It is irrelevant whether the battery is stored for 5 days or whether it "hibernates".
The self-discharge of LiPo batteries is very low. It is around 5% per month.
When discharging, it is essential to ensure that only approx. 70 - 80% of the capacity of the battery is removed.
The minimum voltage of 3.3V per cell must not be undercut.
If the voltage drops below 3.0V per cell, the battery is deeply discharged and damaged as a result. With later charges, a deeply discharged cell can expand.
For the aforementioned reason, it is essential to ensure that the battery does not fall below 3.3V.
The battery must never be deeply discharged.
Even if a charger should still charge the LiPo batteries, the battery is most likely damaged and gradual deterioration will occur over time. The LiPo battery will either bloat, the capacity will decrease or the cell voltage will drift too much.
If a LiPo battery is switched on and off via a switch, the LiPo battery must be disconnected from this switch after use. Even though the switch is in the "off" position, minimal current flows. This causes the LiPo battery to become deeply discharged over time.
With every charge and discharge, the cells age and this is noticeable by reducing the
usable capacity. The higher the current load and the deeper the discharge, the greater the aging of the battery.
Practice has shown that batteries that are discharged to a capacity of 30% age the least.
If a LiPo battery is heavily loaded with each use, there can be a capacity loss of 2-3%. As a result, after 20 such loads, only about 50% of the nominal capacity is still available.
In general, a LiPo battery may only be loaded with currents for which it is designed.
This information can be found on the battery and is specified with a C value.
For example, a battery with a nominal capacity of 3600 mAh and the specification 30C can be loaded
with 30 times the nominal capacity in continuous operation.
In this example, the allowable continuous load would be 108 amps over a period of one hour (3600 mAh x 30 = 108000 mAh).
If a motor used in continuous operation draws more than 108Ah, the battery will be overloaded due to the increased current output, and the cells will heat up as a result of this overload. This overheating leads to gassing of the electrolyte and thus damage to the battery, which, as mentioned above, becomes noticeable through the cells bloating.
A LiPo battery can withstand a higher load for a short time (this value is often also specified),
but a motor also draws significantly more current at peak loads than the amount of current specified for continuous operation. Unfortunately, there are also no more details on how long it is short-term!
But we also have to observe the permissible charging currents when charging.
In general, the LiPo batteries are charged with currents of 1 C.
In our example, the 3,600 mAh battery is charged with an initial charging current of 3,600 mAh in about 1 hour.
At the end of charging, the charging current drops slowly until the maximum voltage is reached.
Certain LiPo batteries can be charged with a higher current, i.e. in a shorter time.
The specification of the permissible charging currents is also specified for the batteries in C.
However, this specification refers to the ratio of charging current to cell capacity.
However, a LiPo battery does not have to be charged with 1C. If a LiPo battery is charged with only 0.5C, it is charged gently and the battery is less stressed.
New LiPo batteries should be gently charged before they are used for the first time.
For this purpose, the charging current of the first charging cycles should be 0.5C.
For the first few uses, the peak current should be around 70-80%.
This careful treatment gently "adjusts" the LiPo batteries.
LiPo batteries can of course generally be charged with 0.5C. This gentle treatment leads to a long and reliable battery life.
Another note on the C rate:
If a LiPo battery is charged with a charging current
of 0.5C, the charging time is 2 hours, with a charging current of 1.0C
, the charging time is 1 hour, with a charging current of 2.0C, it
is Charging time 30 minutes, etc.
It is often overlooked that a controller with LiPo shutdown should not be trusted blindly.
A regulator recognizes the minimum voltage of the LiPo battery, but not the voltage of an individual cell.
If a cell briefly falls below the voltage of 3.3 volts while discharging and the other cells of the LiPo battery have a high voltage, the controller may not recognize this minimum voltage. This can damage and bloat the cell.
To avoid this, there is an individual cell monitor (e.g. MC-Balancer from Robbe), which immediately recognizes when a connected cell of the LiPo battery has reached the minimum voltage and reacts early enough by reducing the voltage.
It is advisable to know the exact condition of the cells at all times.
There are so-called capacity controllers for this purpose. These controllers provide information about the condition of the individual cells in volts, mAh and the condition of the entire LiPo battery.
LiPo batteries are to be stored and transported in suitable containers.
This should at least be a LiPo bag, the so-called LiPo bag, which is made of special, non-flammable materials.
Or at least a LiPo case that protects more against damage from burning or exploding LiPo batteries.
These LiPo cases are available from Graupner and Robbe, for example.
The LiPo battery should never be transported or stored fully charged.
It is recommended to store and transport the battery with 30% of the specified capacity. In this state, the voltage of the cells is around 3.3V.
An explosion or fire at this voltage is not as dangerous as with a fully charged LiPo battery!
The LiPo battery must never be mechanically damaged.
This includes deformation of the LiPo cells, for example if the battery falls on the ground.
Under no circumstances may the protective foil of the LiPo battery be damaged (eg pierced or pierced).
Avoid damaging the sheathing!
Avoid short circuit! The poles of the Li-Po battery/battery pack must not come into contact with metal objects either accidentally or intentionally, as this usually causes a short circuit!
In the event of a short circuit, an extremely high current is generated in milliseconds, which leads to overheating of the cells => leakage of electrolyte, risk of explosion, severe flame formation!
Overcharging or short-circuiting can cause the LiPo battery to overheat and cause it to burn or explode.
For this reason too, LiPo batteries should not be stored or transported fully charged!!
Once the batteries have swelled up, they are defective and must no longer be used.
When charging or in operation, these batteries can deflagrate, which can cause the LiPo battery to burn or explode!!
Incorrect handling or damage to the LiPo battery can lead to a self-increasing process in which the cells heat up so much that they burn or explode!
A LiPo battery can last up to 30 minutes. after being damaged by this self-amplifying process, burn or even explode!!
Do not extinguish a burning LiPo battery with water.
Use either sand or a fire extinguisher to extinguish.
Defective or unusable LiPo batteries are hazardous waste and must be disposed of accordingly. In Germany, manufacturers and importers are obligated to take back the batteries, for their disposal there are "disposal cost contributions".
LiPo batteries imported directly by the consumer (e.g. China) do not contain these contributions and can therefore be offered at a lower price!
Charging and balancing LiPo batteries
We must not ignore the fact that LiPo batteries also have an effect that we know from NI cells. By that I mean the change in current output when the batteries are recharged. Above I pointed out the appropriate "storage charge" of 20-30% of the battery capacity. If a LiPo battery, for example, is charged with 50% of its capacity and stored, the internal resistance increases as a result of the storage.
If the battery is recharged before use, there will be a voltage drop as soon as the recharged electricity is used up and the "older charge" is removed.
The increase in the internal resistance of the cells means that the LiPo battery is less resilient and swells up under high loads, which an optimally charged LiPo battery would withstand without damage.
Only suitable chargers should be used to charge LiPo batteries.
Simple chargers are often included with ARF , RTR, RTF models.
These chargers are not suitable for long-term use and should be replaced with a high-quality charger as soon as possible!
LiPo batteries must always be charged under supervision!
There are many reasons why a LiPo battery should never be charged unattended.
As already described, a damaged battery can deflagrate when charging, which can lead to an explosion or fire.
Likewise, an incorrectly selected charging program or a charging current that is too high can destroy the battery.
A sudden defect in the charger can also never be ruled out!
LiPo batteries with more than 1 cell have a balancer connection.
Unfortunately, it seems to be more of a corporate philosophy to tie the customer to their own chargers than to agree on a standard (it also works with the servo connectors).
For this reason I only sell batteries with the most commonly used balancer connection:
EHR: used by e.g.: Kokam, Graupner, Robbe, Emcotec, Lipolice, Lipomex,
AHA, Redpower, LipoSun, X-Cell.
XHP: is used by, for example: RC1, Topmodel, E-Flite, X-Cell
this connection is also present on many helicopter batteries . You
can also find:
PQ: is used by, for example: Polyquest, Hyperion, E-Tec.
FTP: is used by eg: Flightpower, Thunderpower, Mulltiplex.
The balancer connection must not be used for discharging.
As previously mentioned, LiPo batteries should be gently charged before they are used for the first time.
The first charging cycles should therefore be carried out at 0.5C.
LiPo batteries can of course generally be charged with 0.5C. This gentle treatment leads to a long and reliable battery life.
LiPo batteries may only be charged with suitable chargers that end the charging process at a final charging voltage of 4.2V.
In addition, the chargers should be equipped with a balancer (or with an equalizer in the case of Robbe chargers). If this is not the case, an external balancer or equalizer with a charging interrupt function!! be connected.
The balancer or charger recognizes the correct number of cells by means of the balancer connections. The individual cells of the LiPo battery are charged evenly via the balancer connection.
The charger must recognize the defect in a cell and end the charging process!!
The maximum charging rate specified by the manufacturer must be observed.
Often this 1C. So you charge with the nominal voltage of the LiPo battery.
When charging, the LiPo batteries should be on a fireproof surface.
Graupner offers the LiPo case, in which the LiPo batteries can be charged by guiding the charging cable out of the case. This case is designed with fire retardant panels and also has a valve through which the pressure escapes in the event of a battery explosion and protects the surrounding area from fire, chemical gases, etc.
The equalizers mentioned above have the advantage that they offer the possibility of balancing the battery cells independently of the charger.
The cells of the LiPo battery are adjusted until the voltage level of the cells is the same. The equalizer then goes into power-saving mode.
The following must always be observed when handling LiPo batteries:
- ALWAYS charge on a level, non-flammable surface
- ALWAYS keep a safe distance from flammable materials
- ALWAYS ensure the correct temperature during storage and operation
- ALWAYS comply with the maximum charging and discharging
- Rates ALWAYS charge under supervision
- NEVER charge with excessive currents
- NEVER charge batteries with incorrect polarity
- NEVER charge damaged batteries
- NEVER immerse the battery in liquid or bring it into contact
- NEVER subject the battery pack to mechanical stress (pressure, twisting, etc.)
- NEVER open the battery pack or modify it mechanically
- NEVER use the balancer connection for discharging
- NEVER mix LiPo batteries with other batteries
- NEVER short-circuit Lipo batteries
- NEVER discharge LiPo batteries below 3.0V
